Africa


 * AFRICA**

change of politics *nationlism : uncle sam, eagle, statue of liberty political disagreement
 * Essential Questions **:
 * Q.How can political change cause conflict**
 * Ans: Political change can cause conflict because not everyone has the same thought about new party and with their different idea on the change, that can lead to conflict.**
 * people maynot agree on changes on the political **
 * Q.How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * Ans:development of nationalism impact people, change the peoples thoughts**

trade agreement similar ideas, culture, religion, common languages,
 * Q.How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * Ans:political relationships can effect economic relationship as related to taxes**
 * certain import and expots that benefits both **
 * Q.What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * Ans: people were unite as a nation**

Question on imperialism and global economy map
 * c is for colonies
 * secure source of raw materials
 * meats
 * they failed because they couldn't
 * killed European by disease
 * gun are useless because fo horses
 * technology made it possible for European
 * steam ship
 * gun technology improved
 * lots of fighting
 * dominate Africa
 * no one can concurred
 * associate with higher power first
 * Whatever happens
 * resist imperialist by Africa
 * industrialization
 * political and economics history coming together
 * political and economics history coming together


 * African to give up their religion beliefs
 * dark side of imperialism novel
 * In early 1900 Liberia and Ethiopia resist the

** Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire. **
 * By Karl Liebknecht **
 * people were treated really bad
 * forced labor work without proper or enough food/nutrition
 * killed and slaved
 * it happens world wide, Europe as a vampire who were going around
 * torn apart family
 * torn apart family

Scramble for Africa

Graphic Organizer: The new Imperialism



1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?
 * Burden of empire
 * judge by
 * duty of imperialism to help the government to gave their language and culture
 * civilization are white man and they are just
 * peoples profit and their gain
 * benifitting from all the colonize because they have so many burden
 * England, biggest empire across ocean
 * He thinks people in U.S would read his poem.
 * government who are imperilist, they might have disagree with it
 * go send your son to exile, taking the child from them and sending out.
 * to seek anothers profit and gain, need a reward for the burden they have.
 * half devil half child, many people were evil and, uneducated

What is the message of the poem: “The Black Man’s Burden”: A Response to Kipling
 * The message of the poem is that White man were not really helping the black man to say that it's a burden,
 * in this poem the burden on the white man is in fact the burden of the black man

The Berlin Conderence: General Act of Feb 26,1885
 * Describe the significance of the Berlin Conference in 5 words **:
 * imperialism
 * trade
 * greed- for raw material
 * regulation- no thelp Africa but themself
 * Benificial- only to European countries
 * bitter-sweet-
 * navigation- navigation between places.

__**Document #1**__ "Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifferenceof those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered that has made it possible for evil to triumph." Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 Questions to consider:

Q.What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does? Q.Why might the author be making this statement? Q.How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.
 * his view of the imperialism is that the victims have stayed silence while they were given the chance to talk. and actually it's because of the fear.
 * around WWI
 * when people failed to speak up the problems gonna get worst and they won't get another chance
 * they should have known better that problem gonna get worst
 * Author might be making this statement because
 * acause he saw all other country in same situation
 * he have seem how imperialism works
 * why silence??
 * Imperialism in Africa, Europe rule over them saying trying to help them but the in truth they want the natural goods and Africans were forced labor work.
 * people in Africa weren't acting on what European have been doing.

__**Document #2**__ "On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885) Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.

I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.

Q.Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint? Q.What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint? Q.Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech? Q.What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?
 * The author of this piece of evidence is Jules Ferry and his viewpoint is that higher races has full right against lower races.
 * European are
 * to support his viewpoint he provide evidence of how European nation have acquit themselves with superior civilizing duty.
 * more superior than other people they can do whatever they pleased
 * the purpose of the speech is to show that lower races have to listen to higher races and so they were told, have to be loyal towards them.
 * lower races has no right to raise their voice against higher races just because they are better.

__**Document #3**__ "The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1892.Artists: Linley Sambourne



Q.Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias? Q.What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo) Q.Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see? Q.What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?
 * It was published in Punch, London Charivari on Dec 10, 1892.
 * main town or place under control of European
 * like a puppet, without European African can't function.
 * they are dependent on European
 * African need European to function, they can't do nothing without their help.

__**Document #4**__ "//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.

Q.Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose? Q.The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....) Q.Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.
 * Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos
 * He wrote that letter to show how nice or fool he have been to got tricked by white man
 * Don't believe anyone whole heartly easily because of thier appearance
 *  Sir George Napie was Lieutenant general
 * Sir Harry Smith was Lieutenant general as well
 * Boers was Dutch and Afrikaans
 * It was successful in fulfilling it's purpose because he has every evidence in details to show how White people tried to get in with friendly talks and then raise their voice for land. And how they cause all the trouble to other parts of the land after they getting their own land.

__**Document #5**__ So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.
 * Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**

Q.How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists? Q.Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?
 * They were treated like slaves by the imperialism
 * order them to carry their cloths, bundles
 * harm their wives and daughters
 * Because there wasn't a proper leader
 * compare to White man, their weapons are so much smaller and numbers are low as well

__**Document #6**__

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice
 * Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

Q.Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Mojimba, African Chief.
 * Battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries.

Q.Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * British were powerful and they have much more weapons than of those African people
 * All villagers can do is run for their live while their brothers were dying

Q.What is the chief's opinion of the British?
 * They were more wicked then them because White have been killing villagers saying that they don't belong with them are that they are different.
 * White have no emotion when killing villagers.
 * just because they have guns, they think they can freely take their lives

__**Document #7**__

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.
 * Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

Q.What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim Q.Why do you think the Africans made such claims?
 * German military officer was trying to tell the message that they are the madicine for them as compare to living in the snake as they might look cruel but they need them
 * African make such claims because they don't want to perform no more of labor work for foreigners


 * Document 8**:

Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.

Q.Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * The person is dress up as a hunter.
 * The man looks like an European
 * i think he is craying a gun and some kind of rope? can't see clear

Q.What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * European came to Africa to hunt innocent animals down.
 * Europeans aren't helping but killing more innocent being.

Q.What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?
 * Africa in 1909 more animals were killed or hunt by Europeans

Q.What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Document 9**:
 * From African resources European industries were benifited greatly for the food processing, cloths, and industrial cutting tools

Q.Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * South Africa most valiable colonies because they exported gold and diamonds.

Q.How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?
 * this document shows how many things European have imported from Africa

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962
 * Document 10**:

Q.In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?
 * Because Africa possesses tremendous reserves and raw material, Europens were trying to took them under their power to gain those resources.

Based on your analysis of the documents and images above, **analyze the social and economic effects of European Imperialism or colonization of Africa and the African response to imperialism** open response